Barbara A ROMANOWICZ
Faculty
Barbara A ROMANOWICZ
Deep earth structure and dynamics using seismological tools. Earthquake processes and scaling laws. Real time estimation of earthquake parameters. Development of modern broadband seismic and geophysical observatories on land and in the oceans. Planetary seismology.
Teaching Schedule
Office Hours
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1970-1974 Ecole Normale Sup�rieure, "S�vres", Paris, France
1972 Ma�trise de Math�matiques Pures, Universit� Paris 6.
1973 Agr�gation de Math�matiques, Paris, France
1975 Master of Science in Applied Physics, Harvard University
1975 Doctorat de 3e cycle in Astronomy, Universit� Paris 6.
1979 Doctorat d'Etat, Universit� Paris 7, Sp�cialit� G�ophysique.
Deep earth structure and dynamics using seismological tools: elastic and anelastic seismic tomography; waveform modelling of mantle and core phases; wave propagation in complex heterogeneous and anisotropic media; earth's normal modes and surface waves. Earthquake processes and scaling laws. Real time estimation of earthquake parameters. Development of modern broadband seismic and geophysical observatories on land and in the oceans. Planetary seismology.
Please view more information on the global seismology group webpage.
More information about the Berkeley Seismological Laboratory is also available.
1978-79 Attach�e de Recherches, C.N.R.S., Institut de Physique du Globe, Paris.
1979-81 Post Doctoral Associate, M.I.T., Cambridge, Mass.
1981-86 Charg�e de Recherches, C.N.R.S., I. P. G., Paris. Director, Geoscope Program
1986-90 Directeur de Recherches, C.N.R.S., I. P. G., Paris. Director, Geoscope Program
1991-present Professor of Geophysics, University of California at Berkeley.
1991-present Director, Berkeley Seismological Laboratory
2002-2006 Chair, Department of Earth and Planetary Science, UCB
1989 French Academy of Sciences Prize (Fonds Doistau-Blutet)
1990 Fellow, American Geophysical Union
1992 Silver Medal of the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (French NSF)
1999 Wegener Medal of the European Union of Geosciences
2001 Fellow, American Academy of Arts and Sciences
2003 Gutenberg Medal of the European Geophysical Society
2004 Gutenberg Lecturer, American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting
2005 Member, National Academy of Sciences
2008 Chevalier de la Legion d'honneur, France
2009 Li Ka Shing Foundation, "Women in Science" Fellowship
2009 Inge Lehmann Medal, American Geophysical Union
2010 Miller Professor, U.C. Berkeley
Graduate Students
Brandon, Catherine: Th�se de 3e cycle Paris 1985
Ghorabi, Moncef: Th�se de 3e cycle Paris 1985
Monfret, Tony: Th�se de l'Universit� Paris 7, 1987 (currently research scientist in Chile)
Mocquet, Antoine: These de l'Universite Paris 7, 1987 (currently Professor in Rennes, France)
Lognonne, Philippe: These de l'Universite Paris 7, 1989 (currently Professor in Paris, France)
Bourjot, Laurence: These de l'Universite Paris 7, 1991
Bussy, Martine: These de l'Universite Paris 7, 1993
Nawab, Ramin: These de l'Universite Paris 7, 1994
Le Stunff, Yves: PhD UC Berkeley 1995 (currently research scientist at TOTAL, France)
Antolik, Michael: PhD UC Berkeley 1996
Pasyanos, Michael: PhD, UC Berkeley 1996 (currently research scientist at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory: pasyanos@s74.es.llnl.gov)
Megnin, Charles: PhD UC Berkeley 1999, (currently research scientist at Naval Research Lab: cmegnin@nrlssc.navy.mil)
Kuo, Chaincy: PhD UC Berkeley 2000 (currently research scientist at Xenogen corporation: chaincy.kuo@xenogen.com)
Breger, Ludovic: PhD UC Berkeley 1999 (currently at Barclays, San Francisco, CA)
Tkalcic, Hrvoje: PhD, UC Berkeley 2001 (currently research associate at ANU, Canberra, Australia)
Gung, Yuancheng: PhD, UC Berkeley 2003 (currently Professor, Taiwan National University)
Panning, Mark: PhD UC Berkeley 2004 (currently assistant Prof. at the University of Florida)
Cao Amin, PhD- UC Berkeley 2005 (currently post-doctoral fellow,
Rice University)
Rhie, Junkee: PhD UC Berkeley 2006 -currently, professor Seoul Univ.
Toh, Akiko: PhD UC Berkeley 2006 - (Currently JSPS Post-doc at IFREE, Japan)
Rousset, Sebastien: MSc UC Berkeley 2004
Shulgin, Alexey: MA 2005 -UC Berkeley
Lekic, Vedran PhD Candidate 2004-pres
Cottaar, Sanne PhD Candidate 2008-pres.
Dou, Shan PhD Candidate 2007-pres.
Zheng, Zhao (Allen) PhD Candidate 2008-pres.
French, Scott PhD Candidate 2009-pres.
1981-1990
1981-90 Member, Scientific Board, IPG Paris
1984-90 Vice-President, Seismological section of CNFGG (IUGG Rep. for France)
1984 Organizer, Symposium on "broad band and long period seismology in Europe"
1984-85 Chair, EGS Working Group on European Broadband Digital Network (to become ORFEUS)
1985-90 Member, Executive Committee of ORFEUS
1986 Co-Convenor, Symposium on "array and Global Network seismology", EGS/ESC meeting, Kiel,RFA
1986-89 Vice-President, FDSN (Federation of Digital Seismic Networks)
1987-90 European Editor, Geophysical Research Letters
1987-90 PI for "Seismology on Mars", project "Mars 94" of CNES
1989-91 Member, Executive Committee FDSN
1989-91 PI Project "OFM/SISMOBS"(broadband seafloor pilot experiment in and near ODP hole 396b)
1991-92 Co-PI Project "OFM/SISMOBS"
SINCE 1991
1991-to pres. Honorary President, Geoscope Program
1989-1992 Co-Principal Investigator, project "OFM/SISMOBS". Successful phase 1 experiment in mid-Atlantic in April-May 1992.
1991 Geophysics Review Panel, N.S.F. (spring 1991, substituting)
1991-1994 Instruments and Facilities Review Panel, N.S.F.
1991-1997 Member, Advisory Council to the Southern California Earthquake Center (Chair, 1991-1994)
1991-1993 Member, GSN Standing Committee, IRIS, also liaison to Ocean Seismic Network
1991-1997 Member, Board of Directors of Seismological Society of America.
1992 Organizer, "Symposium on Broadband Seismology", U.C. Berkeley
1994-1996 Member, Fellows Committee, AGU
1994-1996 Member, Ocean Seismic Network committee
1994-1996 President Elect, Seismology Section, American Geophysical Union
1996-1998 President, Seismology Section, American Geophysical Union
1996-2000 Editor, Physics of Earth and Planetary Interiors
1996 member, NSF review panel for CHiPR ( National Science Center for High Pressure Research)
1997 Co PI, MOISE experiment (broadband seafloor pilot experiment in Monterey Bay, CA
1997 Member, CHiPR advisory board.
1994-to pres. Member International Ocean Network Committee secretary 1994-1997, chair 1998-2002.
1997 Member, Site review team for Department of Earth and Space Sciences, UCLA.
1997 Member, review committee for the Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University
1997 co-PI, Monterey bay Ocean International Seismic Experiment (MOISE)
1997-2002 Member, National Research Council Committee on the "Science of Earthquakes"
1998-1999 Member, advisory committee for SCiGN program
1998-2000 Member, advisory committee for TriNet program
1998-1999 Member IRIS Planning Committee
1999 Member, Intern. Review Team for Earthq. Res Inst., Tokyo, Japan
1999-2003 Chair, Global Seismic Network Standing Committee, IRIS
2000-2003 Member, IASPEI Bureau
2000-2003 Member, Plate Boundary Observatory Steering Committee (Earthscope Program)
2000-pres. Member, CISN Steering Co- chair in 2000-2001
2001-2003. Member, Ocean Observatories Steering Committee (DEOS, NSF)
2001 Co-chair, Steering Committee, OHP/ION Symposium, Mt Fuji, Japan, Jan 21-27, 2001
2002 Co-chair, Steering Committee, Earthscope CSIT Workshop, Snowbird, Utah, March 24-27, 2002
2002-pres. Member, CIDER Steering Committee
2002-pres. PI, Monterey Ocean Bottom Broad Band Project (MOBB)
2003 Member, Site review team for the Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Purdue Univ.
2004 Member, Committee of Visitors, NSF/EAR.
2004 Lead Organizer,CIDER Summer Program at the Kavli Institute of Theoretical Physics, Santa Barbara (CA), July12-Aug 6, 2004.
2004-pres MemberScientific Advisory Board, Institut de Recherche pour le D�veloppement, France
2005-2006 Member,Planning Committee, IRIS
2006 Member,Organization team, CIDER 2006 Summer Program, Kavli Institute for TheoreticalPhysics, Santa Barbara, CA � July 16 � Aug 5, 2006
2006 Member, ReviewCommittee, Institute of Geophysics, Universityof Reykjavik, Island.
2006- pres Member,Board on Earth Sciences and Resources (BESR), NRC.
2006- pres Member,National Earthquake Prediction Evaluation Council
2006- pres Member, Visiting Committee Department of Geophysics, Univ. of Alaskaat Fairbanks
2006- pres Member, Visiting Committee Colorado School of Mines, Departmentof Geophysics
2006-pres Member, Fellows Committee,American Geophysical Union (chair, 2008-)
2006-2007 Editor,Volume 1, Treatise of Geophysics (Elsevier)
2007-2009 Member, advisory committee (COSS) forCollege de France, Paris.
2007-pres Member, conseil d�administration, Institut de Physique du Globe, Paris, France
2007-pres Reviewing Editor for Science
2008 Member, organizing team, CIDER'08 Summer Program - KAVLI Institute of Theoretical Physics, June 21-Aug 6, 2008
2008 Member, review committee of Helmholtz�s foundation Geoforschungs Zentrum, Potsdam (Germany)
2008-pres Member, Scientific Advisory Committee, GEOSCOPE program
2008 Co-chair, Long Range Science Plan for seismology writing team (NSF/IRIS)
2008-09 Seismology Coordinator, scientific review of the technical capabilities of the International Monitoring System (ISS�09
2008-pres Member, Geophysics Panel, NSF
2009-pres Chair, CISN Steering Committee
Download complete publications list in .doc format
Check out recent tomographic models of the mantle:
SAW12D: Whole Mantle Shear Velocity Model (1996) See Li and Romanowicz (1996)
SAW24B16: Whole Mantle Shear Velocity Model (2000)See Megnin and Romanowicz (2000)
D" model derived from PKP and PcP data (2002)See Tkalcic et al. (2002)
3D shear attenuation model of the upper mantle (2002/2004) See Gung and Romanowicz (2004)
3D elastic and anisotropic model of the whole mantle SAW642AN (2006) See Panning et al. (2006)
Updated 3D elastic and anisotropic model of the whole mantle SAW642ANb (2010) See Panning et al. (2010)
3D elastic and radially anisotropic model of the upper mantle developed using the Spectral Element Method - SEMum (2011) See Lekic and Romanowicz (2011)
2011
Lekic, V. and B. Romanowicz (2011) Inferring mantle structure by full waveform tomography using the Spectral Element Method, Geophys. J. Int., doi: 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2011.04969.x. Download PDF
Houlié, N. and B. Romanowicz (2011) Asymmetric deformation across the San Francisco Bay Area faults from GPS observations in northern California, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 184, 143-153. Download PDF
Yuan, H. ,B. Romanowicz, K. Fischer and D. Abt (2011) 3-D shear wave radially and azimuthally anisotropic velocity model of the north American upper mantle, Geophys. J. Int., 184, 1237-1260, doi: 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2010.04901.x.Download PDF
Wenk, R., S. Cottaar, C. Tomé, A. McNamara, B. Romanowicz (2011) Deformation in the lowermost mantle, from polycrystal plasticity to seismic anisotropy, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 306, 33-45. Download PDF
Lekic, V. and B. Romanowicz (2011) Tectonic regionalization without a priori information: a clustering analysis of upper mantle tomography, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 308, 151-160. Download PDF
Cupillard, P., L. Stehly and B. Romanowicz (2011) The one-bit noise correlation: a theory based on the concepts of coherent and incoherent noise, Geophys. J. Int., 184, 1397-1414.
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Romanowicz, B. and H. Yuan (2011) On the interpretation of SKS splitting measurements in the presence of several layers of anisotropy, in press, Geophys. J. Int.
Stehly, L., P. Cupillard and B. Romanowicz(2011) The one-bit noise correlation: a theory based on the concepts ofcoherent and incoherent noise, C. R. Geoscience., 343, 591-599. Download PDF
Cupillard, P., L. Stehly and B. Romanowicz(2011) The one-bit noise correlation: a theory based on the concepts of coherent and incoherent noise, Geophys.J. Int, 184, 1397-141. Download PDF
2010
Lekic, V., M. Panning and B. Romanowicz (2010) A simple method for improving crustal corrections in waveform tomography, Geophys. J. Int., 182, 265-278
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Abt, D., K. M. Fischer, S. W. French, H. A. Ford, H. Yuan and B. Romanowicz(2010) North American Lithospheric Discontinuity Structure Imaged By Ps and Sp Receiver Functions, J. Geophys. Res., 115, B09301, doi:10.1029/2009JB006914.
Roult, G., J. P. Montagner, B. Romanowicz et al. (2010) GEOSCOPE: Program progress and challenges in the last 30 years, Seismolog. Res. Lett., 81, 427-452.
Yuan, H. and B. Romanowicz (2010), Lithospheric Layering in the North American Continent, Nature, 466, 1063-1069.Download PDF-format reprint
Yuan, H. and B. Romanowicz (2010) Depth dependent anisotropy in the western U.S. upper mantle, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 300, 385-394.
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Dziewonski, A. M., V. Lekic and B. Romanowicz (2010) Mantle Anchor Structure: an Argument for Bottom up Tectonics, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 299, 69-79. Download PDF
Panning, M., V. Lekic and B. Romanowicz (2010) The importance of crustal corrections in the development of a new global model of radial anisotropy, J. Geophys. Res., doi:10.1029/2010JB007520, Download PDF
Chang, S.-J., S. van der Lee, M. P. Flanagan, H. Bedle, F. Marone, E. M. Matzel, M. E. Pasyanos, A. J. Rodgers, B. Romanowicz, and C. Schmid (2010) Joint inversion for 3-dimensional S-velocity mantle structure along the Tethyan margin, J. Geophys. Res., doi:10.1029/2009JB007204.
2009
Romanowicz, B. et al. (2009) Acquiring real time data from the broadband ocean bottom seismic observatory in Monterey Bay (MOBB), Seism. Res. Lett. , 80, 196- 204. Download PDF-format reprint
Romanowicz, B. (2009) The thickness of tectonic plates, Science, 324, 474-476. Download PDF-format reprint
Panning, M. Y. Capdeville and B. Romanowicz (2009) Do first order 3D Born finite-frequency kernels improve modeling of surface waveforms?, Geophys. J. Int., 177, 161-178. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2008.04050.x Download PDF-format reprint
Lekic, V., J. Matas, M. Panning and B. Romanowicz (2009) Measurement and implications of frequency dependence of attenuation, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2009.03.030 Download PDF- format reprint
Cao, A. and B. Romanowicz (2009) Constraints on shear wave attenuation in the Earth's inner core from an observation of PKJKP, Geophys. Res. Lett. , 36, L09301, doi:10.1029/2009GL038342. Download PDF-format reprint
Cammarano, F., B. Romanowicz, L. Stixrude, C. Lithgow-Bertellon i and W. Xu (2009) Inferring the thermochemical structure of the upper mantle from seismic data, Geophys. J. Int., 179, 1169-1185. Download PDF-format reprint
Toh, A. and B. Romanowicz (2009) Finite frequency effects on global S diffracted travel times, Geophys. J. Int.,179, 1645-1657. Download PDF-format reprint
Lay, T., D. Forsyth, R. Aster, B. Romanowicz et al. (2009) Grand Challenges for Seismology, EOS Trans AGU, 90, 361-362
2008
Romanowicz, B., M. Panning, Y. Gung and Y.Capdeville (2008) On the computation of long period seismograms in a 3D earth using normal mode based approximations, Geophys.J. Int, 175, 520-536.
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Cammarano, F. and B. Romanowicz (2008) Radial Profiles of Seismic Attenuation in the upper mantle based on physical models, Geophys. J. Int., 175, 116-134.
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Romanowicz, B (2008)="atl"> Using seismic waves to image Earth's internal structure, Nature, 447, 198-201. Obtain reprint
Dolenc, D., B. Romanowicz, P. McGill and W.Wilcock (2008) Observations of Infragravity waves at the Ocean-Bottom Broadband seismic stations Endeavour (KEBB) and Explorer (KXBB), G-Cubed, 9, Q05007,doi:10.1029/2008GC001942 15 May 2008.reprints: http://www.agu.org/journals/gc/gc0805/2008GC001942/
2007
Romanowicz, B. and B. Mitchell (2007) Q in the Earth from crust to core, Treatise of Geophysics, Volume 1, published by Elsevier.
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Dziewonski, A. M. and B. Romanowicz (2007) Overview of Volume I: Seismology and structure of the earth, Treatise of Geophysics, VOl. 1, published by Elsevier.
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Cao, A. and B. Romanowicz (2007) Short Wavelength Topography on the Inner Core Boundary, PNAS, 104, 31-35,Download PDF-format reprint and Suppl. Info..
Cao A. and B. Romanowicz (2007) Locating scatterers in the mantle using array analysis of PKP precursors from an earthquake doublet, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 255, 22-31.
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Marone, F. and B. Romanowicz (2007) Non-linear crustal corrections in high-resolution waveform seismic tomography, Geophys. J. Int., 170, 460-467.
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Marone, F., Y. C. Gung and B. Romanowicz (2007) High resolution 3D radial anisotropic structure of the North American upper mantle from inversion of surface waveform da ta, Geophys. J. Int., doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.2007.03465.x
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Cammarano, F. and B. Romanowicz (2007) Insights into the nature of the transition zone from physically constrained inversion of long-period seismic data, PNAS, doi: 10.1073/pnas.0608075104..Download PDF-format reprint and < ;a href="http://www.seismo.berkeley.edu/%7Ebarbara/REPRINTS/camma-pnas07-suppl.pdf">Suppl. Info..
Marone, F. and B. Romanowicz (2007) On the depth distribution of azimuthal anisotropy in the continental upper mantle, Nature, 447, 198-201.
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Cao, A. and B. Romanowicz (2007) Test of the Innermost Inner Core Models Using Broadband PKIKP travel time residuals, Geophys. Res. Lett.,, L08303,doi:10.1029/2007GL029384
.Download PDF-format reprint
Rhie, J., D. Dreger, R. B"urgmann and B. Romanowicz (2007) Joint slip inversion of the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake from long period global seismic
waveforms and GPS static offsets, {it Bull. Seism. Soc. Am}, 97, S115-S127.
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2006
Dolenc, D., B. Romanowicz, R. Uhrhammer, P. McGill, D. Neuhauser and D. Stakes (2006) Identifying and Removing Noise from the Monterey Ocean Bottom Broadband Seismic Station (MOBB) data, G-cubed,8, doi:10.1029/2006GC001403 Download PDF-format reprint..
Panning, M., V. Lekic, M. Manga, F. Cammarano and B. Romanowicz (2006) Long-period seismology on Europa: II. Predicted Seismic Response, J. Geophys. Res., 111, E12008, doi:10.1029/2006JE002712
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Cammarano, F., V. Lekic, M. Manga, M. Panning, and B. Romanowicz (2006) Europa Scenarios: Physically Consistent Models, J. Geophys. Res., 111, E12009, doi:10.1029/2006JE002710Download PDF-format reprint
Panning, M. and B. Romanowicz (2006) A three dimensional radially anisotropic model of shear velocity in the whole
mantle, Geophys. J. Int., doi: 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2006.03100.x.Download PDF-format reprint.
Rhie, J. and B. Romanowicz (2006) A study of the r elation between ocean storms
and the earth's hum, G-cubed,Download PDF-format reprint
Romanowicz, B., D. Stakes, D. Dolenc, D. Neuhauser, P. McGill, R. Uhrhammer and T. Ramirez (2006) The Monterey Bay Broadband Ocean Bottom Seismic Observatory, Annals of Geophysics,Download pdf reprint
2005
Dolenc, D., B. Romanowicz, D. Stakes, P. McGill and D. Neuhauser (2005) Observations of infragravity waves at
the Monterey Ocean Bottom broadband station (MOBB), Geochem, Geophys. geosyst., 5, Q09002, doi:10.1029/2005GC000988, Download PDF-format reprint.
Capdeville, Y., Y. Gung and B. Romanowicz (2005) Towards Global Earth Tomography using the Spectral Element Method: a technique based on source stacking, Geophys. J. Int., 162, 541-554.Download PDF-format reprint.
Cao, A., B. Romanowicz and N. Takeuchi (2005) An observation of PKJKP: inferences on inner core shear properties,Science, 308, 1453-1455. ;Download PDF-format reprint. and Supplementary Materials
Toh, A., B. Romanowicz, Y. Capdeville and N. Takeuchi (2005) 3D effects of sharp boundaries at the borders of the African and Pacific Superplumes: obse rvation and modeling, Earth and Planet. Sci. Lett. , 233, 137-153.Download PDF-format reprint.
Dreger, D. S., L. Gee, P. Lombard, M. H. Murray, and B. Romanowicz (2005) Rap id finite-souce analysis and near-fault strong ground motions: Application to the 2003 Mw 6.5 San Simeon and 2004 Mw 6.0 Parkfield earthquakes, Seismol. Res. Lett., 76(1), 40-48.
2004
Rhie, A. and B. Romanowicz (2004) Excitations of the Earth's incessant free oscillation by atmosphere/ocean/solid earth coupling, Nature , 431, 552-556. Download PDF-format reprint as well as supplementary information
Cao, A. and B. R omanowicz (2004) Hemispherical transition of seismic
attenuation at the top of the earth's inner core, Earth. Planet. Sci. Lett., 228, 243-253,Download PDF-format reprint
Panning, M. and B. Romanowicz (2004) Inference on flow at the base of Earth's mantle based on seismic anisotropy,Science, 303, 351-353. Download PDF-format reprint
Cao, A. and B. Romanowicz (2004) Constraints on Density and Shear Velocity Contrasts at the Inner Core Boundary, Geophys. J. Int., 157, 1-6.Download PDF-format reprint
Gung, Y. and B. Romanowicz (2004) Q tomography of the upper mantle using three component long period waveforms, Geophys. J. Int., 157, 813-830.Download PDF-format reprint
2003
Romanowicz B., D. Stakes, R. Uhrhammer, P. McGill, D. Neuhauser, T. Ramirez, D. Dolenc (2003) The MOBB experiment: a prototype permanent off-shore ocean bottom broadband station, EOS Trans AGU, 84, 325-332.
Gung, Y. C., M. Panning and B. Romanowicz (2003) Global anisotropy and the thickness of continents, Nature, 422, 707-711. Download PDF-format reprint
Romanowicz, B. (2003) Global mantle tomography: progress status in the last 10 years, Annu. Rev. Geoph. Space Phys, 31 (1), 303. Download electronic paper
Romanowicz, B. (2003) The 3D structure of the lower mantle, Comptes Rendus Acad. Sciences, 335, 23-36.Download PDF-format reprint
Capdeville, Y., A. To and B. Romanowicz (2003) Coupling spectral elements and modes in a spherical earth: an extension o the "sandwich" case, Geophys. J. Int., 154, 44-57.. Download PDF-format reprint
2002
Romanowicz B. (2002) Inversion of surface waves: a review, IASPE I Handbook (W. Lee Editor), Volume I.Download PDF-formatted version of proofs
F. Tajima, Megnin, C., D. Dreger and B. Romanowicz (2002) Near real-time determination of moment tensor and centroid location using broadband waveforms from a sparse seismic network, <i< span="">>Bull. Seism. Soc. Amer., 92, 739-750
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Tkalcic, H., B. Romanowicz and N. Houy (2002) Constraints on D" structure using PKP(AB-DF), PKP(BC-DF) and PcP-P travel time data from broadband records, Geophys. J . Int., 149, 599-616. Download this model and paper
Gee. L., D. Neuhauser, D. Dreger, M. Pasyanos, R. Uhrhammer and B. Romanowicz (2002) THe Rapid Earthquake Data Integration Project, in International Handbook of Earthquake and Engineering Seismology (W. Lee Editor), 81B, 1261-1273.
Stakes, D. S., B. Romanowicz, M. Begnaud and J.P. Montagner (2002) The MBARI Margin Seismology Experiment: MOISE, MOOS and a prototype seafloor observatory, in "Science-Technology Synergy for Research in the Marine Environment: Challenges for the XXI Century, L. Beranzoli, P. Favali and G. Smirglio, Eds, 93-110.
Kuo, C. and B. Romanowicz (2002) On the resolution of density anomalies in the Earth's mantle using spectral fitting of normal mode data, Geophys. J. Inter., 150, 162-179. Download PDF-format paper copies
Romanowicz, B. (2002) Global mantle tomography: recent achievements and future challenges, Acta Geophys. Polonica, 50, 3-21.
Romanowicz, B. and L. Ruff (2002) On moment-length scaling of large strike slip earthquakes and the strength of faults, Geophys. Res. Lett.,
10.1029/2001GL014479. Download PDF-format paper copies
Romanowicz, B. and Y.C. Gung (2002) Superplumes from the core-mantle boundary to the lithosphere: implications for heat flux, Science, 296, 513-516. Download PDF-format paper copies
Tkalcic, H. and B. Romanowicz (2002) Short scale heterogeneity in the lowermost mantle: insights from PcP-P and ScS-S data, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 201(1), 57-68. Download PDF-format paper copies
Romanowicz, B., H. Tkalcic and L. Breger (2002) On the origin of complexity in PKP travel time data from broadband records, in Earth's Core: Dynamics, Structure, Rotation, V. Dehant and K. Creager Eds, AGU Geodynamics Series , 31, 31-44.Download PDF-format final preprint
2001
Uhrhammer, R.A., Dreger, D., and Romanowicz, B., (2001) Best practice in ea rthquake location using broadband three-component seismic waveform data, Pure Appl. Geophys., Vol. 158, no. 1/2, pp. 259-276. Download PDF-format paper copies
Romanowicz, B., (2001) Can we resolve 3D density heterogeneity in the lower ma ntle? Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 1107-1110. Download PDF-format paper copies
Bréger, L., B. Romanowicz and C. Ng (2001) The Pacific plume as seen by S, ScS, and SKS, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28,1859-1862. Download PDF-format paper copies
Stutzmann, E. JP Montagner, et al. (2001) MOISE: A prototype multiparameter Ocean-bottom station, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 91, 885-892.
Romanowicz, B. and D. Giardini (2001) The future of permanent seismic networks, Science, 293, 2000-2001.
2000
Clévede E., C. Mégnin, B. Romanowicz, and P. Lognonné (2000) "Modeling of waveforms in a 3-D Earth: asymptotic and non-asymptotic approaches", Phys. Earth Planet. Inter. , 119,37-56.Download PDF>
Igel, H., N. Takeuchi, R. Geller, C. Megnin, H.P. Bunge, E. Clevede, J. Dalkolmo and B. Romanowicz (2000) The COSY Project: verification of global seismic modeling algorithms, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter. , 119, 3-24. Download PDF
Bréger, L., Tajima, F., Dreger, D., and Romanowicz, B. (2000) Source rupture of the 17 August Izmit/Turkey earthquake, in Barka,A., Kozaci, O., Akyuz, S. and Altunel, E., eds., The 1999 Izmit and Duzce Earthquakes: preliminary results, ITU publication, ISBN 975-561-182-7, Istanbul, Turkey, pp. 123-130.
Bréger, L., H. Tkalcic and B. Romanowicz (2000) The effect of D" on PKP(AB-DF) travel time residuals and possible implications for inn er core structure, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. , 175, 133-143. Download PDF
Bréger, L., B. Romanowicz and S. Rousset (2000) New constraints on the structure of the inner core from P'P',Geophy s. Res. Lett., 27, 2781-2784. Download PDF-format paper copies
Mégnin, C. and B. Romanowicz (2000) The 3D shear velocity structure of the mantle from the inversion of body, surface and higher mode waveforms, Geophys. J. Inter., 143, 709-728. Download PDF
Romanowicz, B. and L. Bréger (2000) Anomalous splitting of free oscillations: a reevaluation of possible interpretations, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 21,559-21,578. Download PDF
Mégnin, C. and B. Romanowicz (2000) A comparison between tomographic and geodynamic models of the earth's mantle, History and Dynamics of Plate Motions, Geophysical Monograph 121, AGU, 257-276.
1999
Antolik, M., D. Dreger and B. Romanowicz (1999) Rupture process of large deep-focus earthquakes from inversion of moment rate functions, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 863-894..Download PDF
Mégnin, C. and B. Romanowicz (1999) The effect of theoretical formalism and data selection scheme on mantle models derived from waveform tomography, Geophys. J. Inter., 138, 366-380. Download PDF
Durek, J. and B. Romanowicz (1999) Inner core anisotropy inferred by direct inversion of normal mode spectra,Geophys. J. Inter. , 139, 599-622. Download PDF-format paper copies
Bréger, L., B. Romanowicz, and H. Tkalcic (1999) PKP(BC-DF) travel times: New constraints on short scale heterogeneity in the deep earth? Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 3169-3172. Download PDF
Stidham, C., M. Antolik, D. Dreger. S. Larsen and B. Romanowicz (1999) Three-Dimensional structure influences on the strong-motion wavefield of the 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 89, 1184-1202.
Romanowicz, B. and J. Durek (1999) Attenuation in the earth: a review, Geophysical Monograph, AGU, 117, 161-180.
1998
Vinnik, L., L. Breger and B. Romanowicz (1998) On the inversion of Sd particle motion for anisotropy in D", Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 679-682. Download PDF
Uhrhammer, R., W. Karavas and B. Romanowicz (1998) Broadband seismic station installation guidelines, Seism. Res. Lett. , 69, 15-26.
Breger, L., B. Romanowicz and L. Vinnik (1998) Tests of tomographic models in D" using differential travel times,Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 5-8. Download PDF-format paper copies
Bunge, P. M., Richards, C. Lithgow-Bertelloni, B. Romanowicz and S. Grand (1998) Time scales and hetero geneous structure in geodynamic Earth models, Science, 280, 91-95.Download PDF-format paper copies
Pollitz, F., R. Burgmann and B. Romanowicz (1998) Viscosity of oceanic asthenosphere inferred from remote triggering of earthquakes, Science, 280, 1245-1249. Download PDF-format paper copies
Lognonne, P., V.N. Zharkov, J.F. Karczewski, B. Romanowicz, M. Menvielle, G. Poupinet, B. Brient, C. Cavoit, A. Desautez, B.Dole, D. Franqueville, J. Gagnepain-Beyneix, H. Richard, P. Schibler an d N. Striebig (1998) The seismi OPTIMISM experiment, Planet. Space. Sci., 46, 739-747.
Dreger, D., R. Uhrhammer, M.Pasyanos, J. Franck and B. Romanowicz (1998) regional and far-regional earthquake locations and source parameters using sparse broadband networks: a test on the Ridgecrest sequence, BSSA, 88, 1353-1362.
Vinnik, L., L. Breger and B. Romanowicz (1998) Anisotropic structures at the base of the mantle, Nature,Nature, 393, 564-567.Download PDF-format paper copies
Romanowicz, B. (1998) Attenuation tomography of the Earth's Mantle: a review of current status, Pageoph.,153, 257-272.
Breger, L. and B. Romanowicz (1998) Thermal and chemical 3D heterogeneity in D", Science, 282, 718-720.Download PDF-format paper copies
Stakes, D., B. Romanowicz, J.P. Montagner, P. Tarits, J-F. Karczewski, S. Etchemendy, D. Neuhauser,P. McGill, J.C. Koenig, J.Savary, M. Begnaud, M. Pasyanos (1998) MOISE: Monterey Bay Ocean Bottom Intermational Seismic Experiment, EOS Trans AGU, 79, 301-309.
Romanowicz, B., D. Stakes, J.P. Montagner, P. Tarits, R. Uhrhammer, M. Begnaud, E. Stutzmann, M. Pasyanos, J-F. Karczewski, S. Etchemendy, D. Neuhauser (1998) MOISE: A pilot experiment towards lon g term sea-floor observatories, Earth, Planets and Space, 50, 927-937.
1997
Souriau, A. and B. Romanowicz (1997) Anisotropy in the inner core: relation between P-velocity and attenuation, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.,101, 33-47 (View Abstract).
Megnin, C., H.P. Bunge, B. Romanowicz and M. Richards (1997) Imaging 3-D spherical convection models: what can seismic tomography tell us about mantle dynamics?, Geophys. Res. Lett., 24, 1299-1302. Download PDF-format paper copies
Romanowicz, B., L.Gee, M. Murray, D. Neuhauser and R. Uhrhammer (1997) Real time access to multiparameter geophysical observatories in northern California, IRIS Newsletter, XVI-1, 6-8.
Jeanloz R. and B. Romanowicz, Geophysical Dynamics at the center of the Earth, Physics Today, August 1997.
1996
Romanowicz, B., X.D. Li and J. Durek (1996) Anisotropy in the inner core: could it be due to low order convection?, Science, 274, 963-966.Download PDF
Souriau, A. and B. Romanowicz (1996), Anisotropy in inner core attenuation: a new type of data to constrain the nature of the solid core, Geophys. Res. Lett., 23, 1-4.
Antolik, M. D. Dreger and B. Romanowicz (1996) Finite fault study of the great 1994 deep Bolivia earthquake, Geophys. Res. Lett., 23, 1589-1592.
Gee, L., D. Dreger, D. Neuhauser, R. Uhrhammer, and B. Romanowicz (1996) The REDI program, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 86, 936-945.
Li, X.D. and B. Romanowicz (1996) Global mantle shear velocity model developed using nonlinear asymptotic coupling theory, J. Geophys. Res., 101. 22,245-22,273.Download PDF
Pasyanos, M., D. Dreger and B. Romanowicz (1996) Towards Real time estimation of regional moment tensors, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 86, 1255-1269
Uhrhammer, R., S. Loper and B. Romanowicz (1996) Determination of local magnitude using BDSN broadband re cords, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 86, 1314-1330.
1995
Romanowicz, B. (1995) A global tomographic model of shear attenuation in the upper mantle, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 12,375-12,394.
Li, X-D and B. Romanowicz (1995) Comparison of global waveform inversions with and without considering cross branch coupling, Geophys. J. Int., 121, 695-709.
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Vinnik, L., B. Romanowicz, Y. LeStunff and L. Makeyeva (1995) Seismic anisotropy in the D" layer, Geophys. Res. Lett., 22, 1657-1660
LeStunff, Y., C. Wicks and B. Ro manowicz (1995) P'P' precursors under Africa: a broadband investigation, Science, 270, 74-77.
Kuo, C., H.J. Crawford, R. Jeanloz, B. Romanowicz, G. Shapiro and M.L. Stevenson (1995). Extraterrestrial neuterinos and Earth Structure. Earth and Planet. Science Lett., 133, 95-103.
1994
Romanowicz, B. (1994) On the measurement of anelastic attenuation using amplitudes of low frequency surface waves, Phys. Earth Planet. Int., 84, 179-192.
Montagner, J.P., J.F. Karczewski, B. Romanowicz et al. (1994) The French pilot experiment OFM/SISMOBS: first scientific results on noise level and event detection, Phys.Earth Planet Int, 84, 321-336.
Romanowicz, B., D. Neuhauser, B. Bogaert and D.Oppenheimer (1994) Accessing Northern California Earthquake Data Via Internet, EOS Trans A.G.U., 75, 258-261.
Montagner, J.P., B. Romanowicz and J.F. Karczewski (1994) A first step toward an Oceanographic Geophysical Observatory, EOS Trans A.G.U., 75, 13, 150-151, 154.
Vinnik, L., B. Romanowicz and L. Breger (1994) Anisotropy in the center of the Inner Core, Geophys. Res. Lett., 21, 1671-1674.
Dreger, D. and B. Romanowicz (1994) Source characteristics of events in the San Francisco Bay region, in USGS Open-file report no 94-176, 301-309, 1994.
Okal, E. A. and B. Romanowicz (1994) On the variation of b-values with earthquake size, Phys. Earth Planet. Int., 87, 55-76. Download PDF-format paper copies
Romanowicz B. (1994) Anelastic tomography: a new perspective on upper-mantle thermal structure, Earth and Plan et. Science Lett., 128, 113-121.Download PDF-format paper copies
Romanowicz B. and J. Rundle (1994) Reply to comments on "On scaling relations for large earthquakes" by Sornette and Sornette, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 84, 1684. Download PDF-format paper copies
Romanowicz, B. (1994) Comments on: "A reappraisal of large earthquake scaling" by C. Scholz, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 84, 1675-1676. Download PDF-format paper copies
1993
Romanowicz, B. and J. Rundle (1993) On scaling relations for large earthquakes, Bull.Seism. Soc. Am., 83:4, 1294-1297. Download PDF-format paper copies
Romanowicz, B., (1993) Spatiotemporal patterns in the energy release of great earthquakes, Science, 260, 1923-1926. Download PDF-format paper copies
Oppenheimer, D., G. Beroza, G. Carver, L. Dengler, L. Gee, B. Romanowicz and others (1993) The Cape Mendocino earthquakes of April 1992 - Subduction at the triple junction, Science, 261, 433-438.
Romanowicz, B., D. Dreger, M. Pasyanos, and R. Uhrhammer (1993) Monitoring of strain release in central and northern California using broadband data, Geophys. Res. Lett., 20(15), 1643-1646.
Bussy, M., J.-P. Montagner, and B. Romanowicz (1993) Tomographic study of upper mantle attenuation in the Pacific Ocean, Geophys. Res. Lett., 20(8), 663-666.
Montagner, J.-P., and B. Romanowicz (1993) Degrees 2-4-6 inferred from seismic tomography, Geophys. Res. Lett., 20(7), 631-634.
1992
Gaulon, R., J. Chorowicz, G. Vidal, B. Romanowicz, G. Roult (1992) Regional geodynamics implications of the May-July earthquake sequence in S. Sudan, Tectonophysics, 209, 87-103.
Romanowicz, B. (1992) Strike-slip earthquakes on Quasi Vertical transcurrent faults: inferences for general scaling relations, Geophys. Res. Lett., 19,481-484 Download PDF-format paper copies
Bourjot, L. and B. Romanowicz (1992) Crust and upper-mantle tomography in Tibet using surface waves, Geophys. Res. Lett., 19,881-884.Download PDF-format paper copies
PUBLICATIONS 1977-1991
Romanowicz, B. and K. Lambeck (1977) The moment of inertia of the Earth, Phys. Earth. Planet. Int, 15, 1-4.
Dziewonski, A.M and B. Romanowicz (1977). An exact solution to the problem of excitation of normal modes by a propagating fault, Lincoln Lab., MIT, Semi-annual Report.
Romanowicz, B. (1979) Seismic structure of the upper mantle beneath the United States by three dimensional inversion of body wave arrival times, Geophys. J. R. astr. Soc., 57, 479-506.Download PDF-
Romanowicz, B. (1980) A study of large scale lateral variations of P velocity in the upper mantle beneath western Europe, Geophys. J. R. astr. Soc., 6, 217-232.
Romanowicz, B. (1980) Large scale three dimensional structure beneath the Western U.S. and the lost Farallon plate, Geophys. Res. Lett., 7,345-348. Download PDF-
Romanowicz, B. and M. Cara (1980) Reconsideration of the relations between S and P station anomalies in North America, Geophys. Res. Lett., 7, 417-420.Download PDF-
Poirier, J.P., B. Romanowicz, and M.A. Taher (1980). Large historical earthquakes and seismic risk in northwest Syria, Nature, 285, 217-220.
Romanowicz, B. (1981) Depth resolution of earthquakes in central Asia by moment tesnor inversion of long-period Rayleigh waves: effects of phase velocity variations across Eurasia and their calibration, J. Geophys. Res., 86, 5963-5984.
Romanowicz, B. (1982) Constraints on the structure of the Tibet Plateau from pure path phase velocities of Love and Rayleigh waves, J. Geophys. Res., 87, 6865-6883.
Romanowicz, B. (1982) Moment tensor inversion of long period Rayleigh waves: a new approach, J. Geophys. Res., 87, 5395-5407.
Romanowicz, B. (1983) Inversion of surface waves, Il nuovo Cimiento, Proceeedings of the International School of Physics "Enrico Fermi", Earthquakes: Observation, Theory and Interpretation, H. Kanamori and E. Boschi, Eds.
Romanowicz, B. and G. Suarez (1983) An improved method to obtain the moment tensor depth of earthquakes from the amplitude spectrum of Rayleigh waves, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 73, 1513-1526.
Romanowicz, B. (1984) Pure path attenuation measurements of long period Rayleigh waves across the Tibet Plateau , Phys. Earth Planet. Int., 36, 116-123.
Romanowicz, B., M. Cara, J.F. Fels and D. Rouland (1984) Geoscope: a french initiative in long period three component seismic networks, E.O.S. Trans, A.G.U., 65, 753-754.
Roult, G. and B. Romanowicz (1984) Very long period data from the GEOSCOPE network: preliminary results on great circle averages of fundamental and higher Rayleigh and Love modes, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 74, 2221-2243.
Romanowicz, B. and Ph. Guillemant (1984) An experiment in the retrieval of depth and source parameters of large earthquakes using very long period Rayleigh wave data, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 74, 417-437.
Brandon, C. and B. Romanowicz (1986). A no-lid zone in the central Chang Thang platform of Tibet: evidence from pure path phase velocities of long period Rayleigh waves, J. Geophys. Res., 91, 6547-6564.
Hadiouche, O., N. Jobert and B. Romanowicz (1986) First two-station results for long period surface waves velocities from the GEOSCOPE stations in Africa, Geophys. Res. Lett., 13, 547-550.
Monfret, T. and B. Romanowicz (1986) Importance of onscale observations of first arriving Rayleigh wave trains for source studies: example of the Chilean event of March 3, 1985, observed on the GEOSCOPE and IDA networks, Geophys. Res. Lett., 10, 1015-1018.
Romanowicz, B. A. and A. M. Dziewonski, Towards a federation of broadband seismic networks, {it EOS, Trans. Am. Geophys. Un.} {bf 67}, 541-542, 1986.
Nolet, G., B. Romanowicz, E. Wielandt and R. Kind (1986) ORFEUS SCience Plan, Reidel Publ. Co.
Romanowicz, B. and T. Monfret (1986) Source process times of large earthquakes by moment tensor inversion fo mantle wave data and the effect of lateral heterogeneity, Ann. Geophys., 4,B, 3, 271-283.
Romanowicz, B. and G. Roult (1986) First order asymptotics for the eigenfrequencies of the earth and application to the retrieval of large scale variations of structure, Geophys. J. R. astr. Soc., 87, 209-239. Download PDF-
Romanowicz, B. (1987) Multiplet-multiplet coupling due to lateral heterogeneity: asymptotic effects on the amplitude and frequency of the earth's normal modes, Geophys. J. R. astr. Soc., 90, 75-100. Download PDF-
Romanowicz, B. and A.M. Dziewonski (1987). Global digital network: research opportunities and recent initiatives, in Composition, Structure and Dynamics of the Lithosphere-asthenosphere system, C. Fuchs , C. Froidevaux Eds., A.G.U., Public., Geodynamics series, VOl. 16, 99-110.
Romanowicz, B., G. Roult and T. Kohl (1987). The upper mantle degree two pattern: constraints from Geoscope fundalental
spheroidal mode eigenfrequency and attenuation measurements, Geophys. Res. Lett., 14, 1219-1222.
Romanowicz, B. and G. Roult (1988). Asymptotic approximations for normal modes and surface waves in the vicinity of the antipode: constraints on global earth models, J. Geophys. Res., 93, 7885-7896.
Snieder, R. and B. Romanowicz (1988) A new formalism for the effect of lateral heterogeneity on normal modes and surface waves: I Isotropic perturbations, perturbations of interfaces and graqvitational perturbations.
Romanowicz, B. and R. Snieder (1988) A new formalism fo rthe effect of lateral heterogeneity on normal modes and surface waves. Part II: General anisotropic perturbation, Geophys. J., 93, 91-99.
A. Mocquet, B. Romanowicz and J.P. Montagner (1988). Three dimensional sutrcture of the upper mantle beneath the Atlantic ocean inferred from long period Rayleigh waves. I: Group and phase velocity distributions, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 7449-7468.
Romanowicz, B. (1988). Asymptotic Theory of Normal Modes and Surface Waves, Oceanographic and Geophysical Tomography, 134-158. Neele, F., Ph. Lognonn=E9, B. Romanowicz and R. Snieder (1989) Effect of sharp lateral heterogenei ty on the normal modes of the earth, Geophys. Res. Lett.
Vinnik, L., V. Farra and B. Romanowicz (1989) Observational evidence for diffracted SV in the shadow of the earth's core, Geophys. Res. Lett., 16, 519-522.
Vinnik, L., V. Farra, and B. Romanowicz (1989) Azimuthal anisotropy in the earth from observations of SKS at Geoscope and Nars broad band stations, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 79, 1542-1558.
A. Cisternas, H. Philip., J.C. Bouquet,....B. Romanowicz et al. (1989). The Spitak (Armenia) earthquake of December 7, 1988: field observations, seismology and tectonics, Nature, July 1989.
Monfret, T., A. Deschamps and B. Romanowicz (1990). The Romanian earthqua ke of August 30, 1986: a preliminary study based on Geoscope very long period and broad band data, Pageoph., 133, 367-379.Download PDF-format paper copies
G. Roult, B. Romanowicz and J.P. Montagner (1990) 3D upper mantle shear velocity and attenuation from fundamental mode free oscillation data, Geophys. J. Int., 101, 61-8 0.
Romanowicz, B. (1990). The upper mantle degree two: constraints and inferences on attenuation tomography from global mantle wave measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 11051-11071. Download PDF-format paper copies
Lognonn=E9, Ph. and B. Romanowicz (1990a) Modelli ng of coupled normal modes of the Earth: the spectral method, Geophys. J. Int., 102, 365-395.
Lognonne, Ph. and B. Romanowicz (1990b) Effect of a global plume distribution on the Earth's normal modes, Geophys. Res. Lett.
Mocquet, A. and B. Romanowicz (1990). Three dimensional structure of the upper mantle beneath the Atlantic ocean inferred from long period Rayleigh waves: II: Inversion, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 6787-6798.
Romanowicz, B. and H. Lyon Caen (1990) The Loma Prieta earthquake of October 18, 1989: results of teleseismic mantle and body wave inversion, Geophys. Res. Lett., 17, 1191-1194.
Ekstrom, G. and B. Romanowicz (1990) The 23 May 1989 Macquar ie ridge earthquake: a very broad band analysis, Geophys. Res. Lett., 17, 993-996.
Romanowicz, B., J.F. Karczewski, M. Cara, P. Bernard, J. Borsenberger, B. Dole, D. Fouassier, J.C. Koenig, M. Morand, R. Pillet, A. Pyrolley and D. Rouland.(1991) The Geoscope program: present status and perspectives, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 81, 243-264.
L. Vinnik and B. Romanowicz (1991) Origin of precursors to teleseismic S waves, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 81, 1216-1230.
Farra, V., L. Vinnik, B. Romanowicz, G.L. Kosarev and R. Kind (1991) Inversion of teleseismic particle motion for azimuthal anisotropy in the lithosphere: a feasibility study, Geophys. J. Int., 106, 421-431. Download PDF-format paper copies
Romanowicz, B. (1991) Seismic tomography of the earth's mantle, Ann. Rev. of Earth and Planet. Sci., 19, 77-99.
Bernard, P., J.F. Karczewski, M. Morand, B. Dole and B. Romanowicz (1991). The G- Calibration: a new method for an absolute in situ calibration of long-period accelerometers, tested o n the Streckeisen instruments of the Geoscope network, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 81, 1360-1372.